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¤@¡B§Ú­Ì¦Ò¼{ªº±Ú¸s (population) ¥²¶·¬O¤@­ÓÀH¾÷¥æ°tªº±Ú¸s (random mating population)¡A¦Ó¥B±Ú¸s¥²¶·¤j¨ì¥i¥H©¿²¤¬ðÅܵ¥ÀH¾÷¦]¯À¡CÄ´¦p°Q½×¦å«¬¡B¦âª¼®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H°²³]¦í¦b¥xÆWªº©~¥Á¬O¤@­ÓÀH¾÷¥æ°tªº±Ú¸s¡A¥i¬O·í¦Ò¼{°ª¸G½§¦âµ¥¦]¯À®É¡A³o­Ó°²³]´NµLªk¾A¥Î¡C¦b Hardy-Weinberg ©w«ßùØ¡A³o¬O¤@­Ó«D±`­«­nªº°²³]¡C

¤G¡B±Ú¸sùتº¥Íª«§¡¬°¤G¤¸Åé (diploid population)¡A¦Ó¥BµL©Ê§O¤§¤À¡C§Ú­Ì°²³]¦b°ò¦]®y (locus) ¤W¦³¨â­Ó¹ï¦ì°ò¦] (allele) A ¤Î a¡A¦]¦¹±Ú¸sùئ³¤TºØ¥i¯àªº°ò¦]«¬ (genotype) AA¡BAa¡Baa¡A¦Ó¨äÀW²v¡]§Y¦Ê¤À¤ñ¡^¤À§O¬°P¡B2Q¡BR¡AP+2Q+R=1¡C«á¤å§Ú­Ì±N·|¹ï¦¹¤@°²³]¤©¥H¾A·íªº­×¥¿¡C

¤T¡B°²³]¥N¥N¤£­«¦X (nonoverlap generation)¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A§Ú­Ì°²³]²Ä¤@¥N¦b²Ä¤G¥N¨ì¹F¥Í¨|¦~ÄÖ¤§«e¦º¤`¡A©ÎªÌ¦Ò¼{°ÝÃD®É¤£§â²Ä¤@¥Nºâ¦b¤º¡C

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    ¥æ°tµ²ªG(¤ñ¨Ò)
¥æ°t¤è¦¡ ¥æ°tÀW²v AA Aa aa
AA x AA P2 1 0 0
AA x Aa 4PQ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ 0
AA x aa 2PR 0 1 0
Aa x Aa 4Q2 $\frac{1}{4}$ $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{4}$
Aa x aa 4RQ 0 $\frac{1}{2}$ $\frac{1}{2}$
aa x aa R2 0 0 1

²{¥O P'¡B2Q'¡BR' ¤À§O¬° AA¡BAa¡Baa ªº²Ä¤G¥NÀW²v¡A¥Ñ¤W­zªí®æ¡A§Ú­Ì±oª¾

\begin{displaymath}
P'=P^2\cdot1+4PQ\cdot\frac{1}{2}+4Q^2\cdot\frac{1}{4}=(P+Q)^2
\end{displaymath} (1)


\begin{displaymath}
\begin{eqalign}
2Q'&=4PQ\cdot\frac{1}{2}+2PR\cdot1+4Q^2\cdot\frac{1}{2}+4RQ\cdot\frac{1}{2} \\
&=2(P+Q)(Q+R)
\end{eqalign}\end{displaymath} (2)


\begin{displaymath}
R'=4Q^2\cdot\frac{1}{4}+4RQ\cdot\frac{1}{2}+R^2=(Q+R)^2
\end{displaymath} (3)

¦P²z¡A¦pªG§Ú­Ì¥O P''¡B2Q''¡BR'' ¤À§O¬° AA¡BAa¡Baa ²Ä¤T¥NªºÀW²v¡A«h

\begin{eqnarray*}
&& P''=(P'+Q')^2=(P+Q)^2=P' \quad [\mbox{{\fontfamily{cwM0}\fo...
...)}] \\
&& R''=(Q'+R')^2=(Q+R)^2=R' \\
&& Q''=(P'+Q')(Q'+R')=Q'
\end{eqnarray*}


¦]¦¹¡AAA¡BAa¡Baa µ¥°ò¦]«¬ªºÀW²v¦b²Ä¤G¥N¥H«á´N«O«ù¤£ÅÜ¡C¦Ó¥B¦b²Ä¤G¥N®É¡A§Ú­Ì´N¦³¤U¦CÃö«Y¦¡

(Q')2=P'R' (4)

¦pªG¤@­Ó±Ú¸s¦b²Ä¤@¥N´Nº¡¨¬

Q2=PR (5)

«h¤£¶È¦b²Ä¤G¥N¤§«á°ò¦]«¬¤§ÀW²v¤£ÅÜ¡A¦Ó¥B¥i±oª¾

\begin{eqnarray*}
Q'&=&(P+Q)(R+Q)=PR+RQ+PQ+Q^2 \\
&=& Q(P+2Q+R) \\
&=& Q \\ ...
...+R) \\
&=& P \\
R'&=&(R+Q)^2=R^2+2RQ+Q^2=R(R+2Q+P) \\
&=& R
\end{eqnarray*}


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