¤W­¶¡@1¢x2¢x3¢x4¢x5¢x6¡@¦¸­¶

¼Æªº·§©À ¡]²Ä 3 ­¶¡^

±d©ú©÷

 


­º­¶ | ·j´M

¡D­ì¸ü©ó¼Æ¾Ç¶Ç¼½²Ä¤»¨÷²Ä¥|´Á¡B²Ä¤C¨÷²Ä¤@´Á
¡D§@ªÌ·í®É¥ô±Ð©ó¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t

¡EµùÄÀ
¡E¹ï¥~·j´MÃöÁä¦r
 
3.¦³²z¼Æ¨t

¥¿¾ã¼Æ¬O±q¥j¥N¥H¨Ó¤HÃþ­p¼Æ¡]counting¡^ªº¤u¨ã¡C¥i¥H»¡¡A±q¡u¤@ÀY¤û¡A¨âÀY¤û¡v©Î¬O¡u¤­­Ó¤H¡A¤»­Ó¤H¡v©â¶H¤Æ¦¨¥¿¾ã¼Æªº¹Lµ{¬O¬Û·í¦ÛµMªº¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A§Ú­Ì¦³®É­Ô§â¥¿¾ã¼Æ¥s°µ¦ÛµM¼Æ¡]the natural numbers¡^¡C

±q²{¥NªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A¡u­t¼Æ¡v¡]the negative numbers¡^ªº·§©À¬O«Ü²³æªº¡C ¦ý¬O­t¼Æªº½Ï¥Í¥H¦Ü¤HÃþ¼sªxªº±µ¨ü­t¼Æªº·§©À«o¬O¤@¬q»»»·º©ªøªº¸ôµ{¡C ­t¼Æ©M¹sªº·§©À¬O¦L«×¤H³Ð³yªº¡A³o¨Ç·§©À¦b¤åÃÀ´_¿³®É¥N¤~¶Ç¤J¼Ú¬w¡C¸g¹L¥|¡B¤­¦Ê¦~ªº¦ÒÅç¡Aª½¨ì¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¡A¼Ú¬w¤H¤~¦w¤ßªº¨Ï¥Î­t¼Æ»P¹s¡C

¥¿¾ã¼Æ¡B¹s¡A©M­t¾ã¼Æ¦XºÙ¾ã¼Æ¡]the integers¡^¡C¾ã¼Æ¬O¤HÃþ¯à°÷´x´¤ªº³Ì°ò¥»ªº¼Æ¾Ç¤u¨ã¡C¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¼w°ê°¶¤j¼Æ¾Ç®a Kronecker¦]¦¹»¡¡G¡u¥u¦³¾ã¼Æ¬O¤W«Ò³Ð³yªº¡A¨ä¥Lªº³£¬O¤HÃþ¦Û¤v»s³yªº¡C¡v 2

¦³²z¼Æ¡]the rational numbers¡^¬O¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨$\frac{q}{p}$ªº«¬¦¡ªº¼Æ¡A¨ä¤¤p¡Aq¬O¾ã¼Æ¡A$p\neq 0$¡C¦³²z¼Æ´N¬O¦P¾Ç©Ò¼ôª¾ªº¤À¼Æ¡C

¥ÎKroneckerªº¸Ü¨Ó»¡¡A¦³²z¼ÆÁöµM¤£¬O¤W«Ò³Ð³yªº¡A¤W«Ò¨Ã¤£¸T¤î¤HÃþ¨Ï¥Î¦³²z¼Æ¡C·í§Ú­Ì·Q­n¸Ñ¤èµ{¦¡

\begin{displaymath}px=q\,\mbox{, {\fontfamily{cwM0}\fontseries{m}\selectfont \ch...
...fontfamily{cwM1}\fontseries{m}\selectfont \char 98},}\, p\neq 0\end{displaymath}

§Ú­Ì´N¤£±o¤£¨D§U©ó¦³²z¼Æ¡C

¦b¦³²z¼Æ¨tùØ­±¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H°µ¥[¡B´î¡B­¼¡B°£¡C¤£¹L­nª`·N¡A0¤£¯à°µ°£¼Æ¡C¨â­Ó¦³²z¼Æ¥i¥H¤ñ¸û¤j¤p¡C

¦pªG§Ú­Ì¨ú¤@±øª½½u¡]¦p¤U¹Ï¡^¡A¥ô¿ï¤@ÂI·í§@0¡A¨ú¤@­Ó³æ¦ì¦V¶q¡A¦b0ªº¥kÃä¤@­Ó³æ¦ì¦V¶qªº¦a¤è¼Ð¤W1¡A¦b0ªº¥ªÃä¤@­Ó³æ¦ì¦V¶qªº¦a¤è¼Ð¤W-1¡C§Ú­Ì¥Ñ¥­­±´X¦óªº§@¹Ï¤èªk¡A¥i¥H±o¨ì¥ô·Nªø«×$\frac{q}{p}$ªº½u¬q¡A¦]¦¹§Ú­Ì¥i¥H§â¥ô·N¦³²z¼Æ$\frac{q}{p}$¼Ð¦b³o±øª½½u¤W¡C§Ú­Ì«í§â¥¿¦³²z¼Æ¼Ð¦b0ªº¥kÃä¡A­t¦³²z¼Æ¼Ð¦b0ªº¥ªÃä¡C³o¼Ë±o¨ìªºª½½u¥s°µ¼Æ¶b¡]the number axis¡^¡C



¦³²z¼Æ¦b¼Æ¶b¤Wªº¤À§G²ª½¬O¿@¿@±K±K¡A¾ÖÀ½±o¤£±o¤F¡C¥ô¦ó¨â­Ó¬Û²§ªº¦³²z¼Æa»Pb¤§¶¡¡A¤@©w¥i¥H§ä¨ì¤@­Ó¦³²z¼Æ¡A²z¥Ñ«Ü²³æ¡G¥i¥H°²³]a<b¡A¨º»ò$\frac{a+b}{2}$´N¬O¤@­Ó¤¶©óa»Pb¤§¶¡ªº¦³²z¼Æ¡C¦P²z¡A¦pªG§A»{¬°¥u§ä¥X¤@­Ó¦³²z¼Æ¥¼§K¤Ó¤Ö¤F¡A§A­n§ä§ó¦h­Ó¡A¨Ò¦p¡A§ä¥X99­Ó¤¶©óa»Pb¤§¶¡ªº¦³²z¼Æ¡A¨º»ò $a+\frac{b-a}{100}$¡A $a+\frac{2(b-a)}{100}$¡A $a+\frac{3(b-a)}{100}$¡A¡K¡A $a+\frac{99(b-a)}{100}$´N¬O¤@²Õµª®×¡C

°ÝÃD¡G¦³²z¼Æ¯à¤£¯à§â¼Æ¶b¶ñ±oº¡º¡ªº¡A²@¤£¿òº|¡H

³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬O§Ú­Ì¦b¤U¤@¸`©Ò­n°Q½×ªº¥DÃD¡C³o­Ó°ÝÃD¬Û·í©ó¡A¬O¤£¬O¥ô·N¦³­­½u¬qªø«×³£¬O¦³²z¼Æ¡H

   
 
²ßÃD5

1.ÃÒ©ú¨â­Ó¬Û²§ªº¦³²z¼Æ¤§¶¡¦³µL½a¦h­Ó¦³²z¼Æ¡C
2.­Ya¡Ab¬O¥ô·N¨â­Ó¦³²z¼Æ¡A¥Ba>0¡C

ÃÒ©ú¡G¦s¦b¤@­Ó¥¿¾ã¼Æn¡Aº¡¨¬na>b¡C

3.ÃÒ©ú¥ô·N¦³²z¼Æ³£¥i¥Hªí¥Ü¦¨´`Àô¤p¼Æ¡C

   

¤W­¶¡@1¢x2¢x3¢x4¢x5¢x6¡@¦¸­¶

¦^­¶­º
 
¡]­Y¦³«ü¥¿¡BºÃ°Ý¡K¡K¡A¥i¥H¦b¦¹ ¯d¨¥ ©Î ¼g«H µ¹§Ú­Ì¡C¡^
EpisteMath

EpisteMath (c) 2000 ¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|¼Æ¾Ç©Ò¡B¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t
¦Uºô­¶¤å³¹¤º®e¤§µÛ§@Åv¬°­ìµÛ§@¤H©Ò¦³


½s¿è¡G³¯¤å¬O ³Ì«á­×§ï¤é´Á¡G4/30/2002