¤w¦b²Ä¤@­¶¡@1¢x2¢x3¢x4¢x5¡@¦¸­¶

 


­º­¶ | ·j´M

¡D­ì¸ü©ó¼Æ¾Ç¶Ç¼½²Ä¤G¨÷²Ä¤T´Á
¡D§@ªÌ·í®É¥ô±Ð©ó¤¤¥¡¼Æ¾Ç¨t
 

²L½Í´X­Ó©ÎµM²v¤Wªº¸Þ½×

ºµ¬L

 
 

»y¨¥¬O¤H¥Î¨Ó´y­z¦ÛµM²{¶H¡AªÀ·|²{¶Hªº¤u¨ã¡A¤]¬O·¾³q«ä·Qªº¤u¨ã¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤£¤î¬O­n¨¥¤§¦³ª«¡A¦Ó¥B­n¥ý¡u¦³ª«¡v¡A¦A ¡u¨¥¤§¡v¡C§@¤å¡A³y¥y­Y¬O¹H¤Ï¤F³o­Ó­ì«h¡A´N·|¡u¥X¯º¸Ü¡v¡F³Ì¦³¦Wªº¨Ò¤l´N¬O¡u¥Ù¡B¬Þ¡v¤F¡C¡]¨º­Ó½æ¡u¥Ù¡B¬Þ¡vªº¥ý¥Í¡A¤j·§¥u·Q¨ì½æ³fÁÈ¿ú¡C¡^¼Æ¾Ç¤W§â¡u¥X¯º¸Ü¡vªº¦Ó¤S¦P®É¶O¸Ñªº±Ô­zºÙ¬°¸Þ½× (paradox)¡C¥­®É´£¨ì³o¨Ç¸Þ½×¡A¤j®a³£·P¨ì¯îÂÕ¡A«o¦ü¥G¨S¦³±j½Õ¥X¯îÂÕªº­ì¦]¡C§Ú­Ì±N¦b¤U­±½Í´X­Ó©ÎµM²v¤Wªº¸Þ½×¡C¾¨¶qÁקK³N»y¡A¥H§Q°ª¤¤¦P¾Ç¾\Ū¡C


I

¤ý¥ý¥Í½æ¸Á»e¡A¤@¤é²H¦ü¤@¤é¡C§õ¥ý¥Í·Q­n§Ë²M·¡±¡ªp¡A©ó¬O°µ¤F¦p¤Uªº±À²z¡C§õ¥ý¥Í¥Î X ¥Nªí»e¤¤¤ôªº¥÷¶q»P»eªº¥÷¶qªº¤ñ­È¡C§õ¥ý¥Í·Q¡A¤ý¥ý¥Íªº©ÛµP¬O¤@ªM¤ô¨âªM»e¡C©Ò¥H X ¤@©w¤ñ $\frac{1}{2}$ ¤j¡C¥t¤è­±¡A¤ý¥ý¥ÍºU¤ôµ´¤£´±ºU¨ì¤@ªM¤ô¤@ªM»e¡A©Ò¥H $X\leq 1$¡C¬JµM X ¬O¦b $\frac{1}{2}$ »P 1 ¤§¶¡¡A¨º»ò $X\geq\frac{4}{5}$ ªº©ÎµM²v´N¸Ó¬O $(1-\frac{4}{5})(1-\frac{1}{2}) = \frac{2}{5} = 0.4$¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¤ý¥ý¥Í¥Î¦h©ó¥|ªMªº¤ô¨Ó°t¤­ªM»eªº¥i¯à©Ê¬O¦Ê¤À¤§¥|¤Q¡C¤ý¥ý¥Í¯u¬½¡C

§õ¥ý¥Í®³µÛ³o¨Ç¹D²z¥h§ä¤ý¥ý¥Í¡C¤ý¥ý¥Í¤£·W¤£¦£ªº»¡¡A§Ú­Ì¥Î Y ªí¥Ü»e¤ô¤¤»eªº¥÷¶q»P¤ôªº¥÷¶qªº¤ñ­È¡C·Ó§Aªº·N«ä¡AY ¬O¦b 1 »P 2 ¤§¶¡¡C¨º»ò $Y<\frac{5}{4}$ ªº©ÎµM²v´N¬O $(\frac{5}{4}-1)/(2-1)=0.25$¡C¦]¦¹§Ú¦Ñ¤ý¥Î¦h©ó¥|ªMªº¤ô°t¤­ªM»eªº¥i¯à©Ê¬O¦Ê¤À¤§¤G¤Q¤­¡A¤£¬O¦Ê¤À¤§¥|¤Q¡C¦Ñ§õ°Ú¡I§O­Þ§Ú¡C

¤ò¯f¥X¦b¨ºùØ©O¡H§Ú­Ìª¾¹D¡A§õ¥ý¥Í¦b°µ­pºâªº®É­Ô¡A¨ä¹ê¬O§â X ªº¤À§G°²³]¬°§¡¤Ã¤À§G¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡AX ªº­È¬O¦b $\frac{1}{2}$ »P 1 ¤§¶¡¡A¦Ó¥B¹ï¥ô·Nªº a,b,c,d ¥|­Ó¼Æ¡A¥u­n $\frac{1}{2}\leq a<b<c<d\leq 1$¡Ab-a=d-c¡A«h X ªº­È¸¨¦b a »P b ¤§¶¡ªº©ÎµM²v´N­nµ¥©ó X ªº­È¸¨¦b c »P d ¤§¶¡ªº©ÎµM²v¡C¤ý¥ý¥Í­pºâªº®É­Ô¡A¤]¬O§â Y °²³]¦¨§¡¤Ã¤À§G¡C¤j®a³£ª¾¹D¡AX »P Y ¤§¶¡¦³¤@­Ó©T©wªºÃö«Y¡C®Ú¾Ú³o­ÓÃö«Y¡AŪªÌ¤£Ãøºâ¥X¡A¦pªG X ¬O§¡¤Ã¤À§Gªº¸Ü¡A«h Y ´N¤£¬O§¡¤Ã¤À§G¡C¦]¦¹§â¨â­Ó³£°²³]¦¨§¡¤Ã¤À§G¬O¿ù»~ªº¡C¡]¨ä¹ê¡A§õ¥ý¥Í¬O·Q·íµMªº¡A¤£¸g·Nªº§â X ªº¤À§G°²³]¦¨§¡¤Ã¤À§G¡C¨ì©³ X ¬O¤£¬O§¡¤Ã¤À§G¡A¸Ó«ç¼Ë§P©w¥¦¡A´N¤£¦b³o°Q½×¤F¡C¡^(Bertrand's paradox)

 
¹ï¥~·j´MÃöÁä¦r¡G
¡D¸Þ½×
¡DBertrand's paradox
¡D¤j¼Æªk«h
¡DSt. Petersburg's paradox
¡D¤Ú´µ¥d
¡D¶O°¨

¤w¦b²Ä¤@­¶¡@1¢x2¢x3¢x4¢x5¡@¦¸­¶

¦^­¶­º
 
¡]­Y¦³«ü¥¿¡BºÃ°Ý¡K¡K¡A¥i¥H¦b¦¹ ¯d¨¥ ©Î ¼g«H µ¹§Ú­Ì¡C¡^
EpisteMath

EpisteMath (c) 2000 ¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|¼Æ¾Ç©Ò¡B¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t
¦Uºô­¶¤å³¹¤º®e¤§µÛ§@Åv¬°­ìµÛ§@¤H©Ò¦³


½s¿è¡G¶À«H¤¸ ³Ì«á­×§ï¤é´Á¡G4/26/2002