ªì±´¡u­«®t¡vªº¤º¦b²z¸ô ¡]µùÄÀ¡^

§õ°ê°¶

 
µùÄÀ

...µù1
J. Needham,¡mScience and Civilisation in China¡n, Vol. III, Cambridge University Press, p.151, 1959.¡]°Ó°È¤¤Ä¶¥»¡A²Ä¥|¥U¡A­¶282¡C¡^
...µù2
ÃÁ¤º²M¡m¤¤°êºâ¾Ç¥v¡n­¶2¡C¡]²­Z²»¡BªL®Û­^Ķ¡A¥x¥_Áp»ï¤å¤Æ¤½¥q¥Xª©¡C¡^
...µù3
¿úÄ_Úz¡m¤¤°êºâ¾Ç¥v¡n¤W¨÷¡A­¶40¡A¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|¾ú¥v»y¨¥¬ã¨s©Ò¡A³æ¥Z¥ÒºØ¤§¤»(1932)¡C
...µù4
±i»a©óº~°ª¯ª¤»¦~¡]¦è¤¸«e202¦~¡^«Ê¬°¥_¥­«J¡A´¿µÛ®Ñ¤K¤Q½g¨¥³±¶§«ß¾ä¨Æ¡AÀ³¬°¥j¥N¤@µ¥¤jºâ®a¡C
...µù5
­ð¤ý§µ³q¡m¤W¿è¥jºâ¸gªí¡n¡G¡uÀ²«ä·¥²@¨~¡AIJÃþ¼Wªø¡A¤D³y­«®t¡A¦C©ó²×½g¡AÁö§Y¥¼¬°¥q«n¡AµM¥ç¤@®É¿W¨B¡C¡v
...µù6
¡m©Pñ¹ºâ¸g¡nªº¦t©z¼Ò¦¡¬O©Ò¿×ªº¡u»\¤Ñ¡v¦¡¡A ªñ¤H¦h»{¬°¬O¨â­Ó¬ÛÂ÷²y­±ªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¤Ñ»\¦b¦a¤W¡A¦Ó¤Ñªº¦±«×À³¸Ó¸û¤j¡C ²Ä¤@±ø°²³]¨ä¹ê¤w»P»\¤Ñ»¡¥Ù¬Þ¡A¦ý¾Ú°ª¥­¤l¡m¾Ç¾ä´²½×¡nùØ¡q¤¤°ê¤Hªº¦t©z¹Ï¶H¡r ¡]¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|¼Æ¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò¡A­¶21¡A1969¡^¡A»{¬°¥j¤H¥ß³N¤£¯à¤£¥Î¥­­±¡A¦]±Ë¦¹§OµL¥Lªk¡C
...µù7
§õÅk¡B§ù¥ÛµM¦b¡m¤¤°ê¥j¥N¼Æ¾Ç²¥v¡n¡]­¶92¡^¡A»{¬°¬O¦]¬°§Q¥Î¤F¼Ð¬ñ¹ï³Q´úª«¶ZÂ÷®t¡A¥H¤Î¼Ð¬ñ¼v®t¡A¨â­Ó®t­È´ú¶q¡A¦]¦¹¥s¡u­«®t¡v¡A¦ü¥G¦³¤í§´µ½¡C ¡q¤E³¹ª`¦Û§Ç¡r¤¤»¡¡G¡uÀ²´M¤E¼Æ¦³­«®t¤§¦W¡A­ì¨ä«ü½ì¡A¤D©Ò¥H¬I©ó¦¹¤]¡C¡v¥i¨£¼BÀ²®É¤w¤£¯à½T©w¡u­«®t¡vªº­ì©l­±»ª¡A²{¦b©Ò¿×ªº¡u­«®t¡v°ò¥»¤W¬O¼BÀ²ªº³Ð§@¡C
...µù8
¡m©Pñ¹ºâ¸g¡n¨ä¹ê¤wÁô²[¤F§Q¥Î¨âªí¬Ù¥h¡u¤Ä¤§·l¯q¡A¤o¤d¨½¡v°²³]ªººØ¤l¡C ³¯¤l»¡¤§¤ê¡G¡u¡K¡K¤é¤¤¥ß¬ñ´ú¼v¡K¡K©Pñ¹ªø¤K¤Ø¡K¡K¥¿«n¤d¨½¡A¤Ä¤@¤Ø¤­¤o¡F¥¿¥_¤d¨½¡A¤Ä¤@¤Ø¤C¤o¡C¡v¥Ñ¦¹¥iºâ¥X¤d¨½®t¤@¤oªº¤ñ¨Ò¡A¦ý³o¦ü¥G¨Ã«D¹ê¦aªº´ú¶q­È¡C ¦Ó¦ó¤þ­§»P¦ó«a³C¦b¡m¤¤°ê¬ì§Þ¥v·§½×¡n¡]­¶68¡^¡A»{¬°¬Û¥h¨â¤d¨½¥ß¨âªí¥H´ú¤é¼v¡A ¦ü¤£¦X¹ê±¡¡C¨ä¹ê¹³¼BÀ²³oºØ¤@µ¥ªº¼Æ¾ÇÀY¸£¡A«Ü¥i¯à¥Ñ³¯¤lªº¸Ü¬Ý¥X¥u»Ý¦b¬¥¶§¤§«°¥ß¨âªí¡A¨â´º§¡¥i´Nªñ¹ê¦a«×¶q¡A¦]¦Ó®©¥X¡u­«®t¡v¤]¥¼¥iª¾¡C
...µù9
¡mºâ³N¡n­ìÀ³¦³¤Q¤T¨÷¡A§Æþ¤å¥»¶È¦s¤U¤»¨÷¡C ªñ¦~¤~¥Ñªü©Ô§B¤å¥»Â½¦^¥|¨÷¡A¦Ó¬ã§P¬°²Ä¥|¦Ü²Ä¤C¨÷¡A¦¹³B¬O«ö·s¶¶§Ç¡C ½Ð°Ñ¨£ J. Sesiano,¡mBooks IV to VII of Diophantus' Arithmetica¡n, Springer Verlag, p.88, 1982.
...µù10
§õÅk¦b¡m¤¤°ê¥j¥N¼Æ¾Ç²¥v¡n¡]­¶91¡^¡A ÁÙ­n¥Î¥­¦æ»²§U½uÃÒ©ú®ü®qºâ¸g²Ä¤@ÃDªº¥¿½T©Ê¡A¥H¤Î¿úÄ_Úz¡]¡m¤¤°êºâ¾Ç¥v¡n¤W¨÷ ­¶46¡^»¡¡G¡u«ö¦¹ÃD¥Hªñ¥@¤T¨¤³N¶¿¤§¡A¶·¥Î¨â¥õµø¨¤¤§¾l¤Á®t¬°ªk¡C¨â¦¸´ú±æ¡A§Y©Ò¥H¨D¨â¥õµø¨¤¤§¾l¤Á¤]¡C¡v ³£¬O¥Hªñ¥Nªº¼Æ¾ÇÅçÃÒ¤F¼BÀ²ªºµª®×¡A«o§¹¥þ©¿µø¥¦¤º¦bªº²z¸ô¡A¦Ó¥¼¯àÅé»{¼BÀ²¥i¥Î§ó²³æ§óª½±µªº¤ñ¨Ò­pºâ¹F¨ì¥Øªº¡C ¯Âºé¥H¬Û¦üª½¨¤¤T¨¤§ÎÅçÃҪ̡A½Ð°Ñ¬Ý¶À­õ¤Ò¡q®ü®qºâ¸g·sµù¤µÄÀ¡r ¡]¥Z©ó¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|¼Æ¾Ç¬ã¨s©Ò¡m¼Æ¾Ç¶Ç¼½©u¥Z¡n²Ä¤T¨÷²Ä¤G´Á¡A­¶53¡ã65¡A1978¡^¡C
...µù11
¦¹¸`¡uºtºâªk«h¡v¸ê®Æ¨ú¦Û D.E. Knuth,¡mThe Art of Computer Programming¡n, Vol. I, Addison-Wesley, pp.1-6, 1968.
...µù12
¦Ü¤Ö¼BÀ²¤£À³¥H calculator µø¤§¡A ¹³§õ¬ù·æ¡]«e¤Þ®Ñ¡A­¶33¡^©Ò¨¥¡G·íµM¡A¤¤°ê¥j¥N­pºâ®a¡A¨Ã¨S¦³·Q¨ì¡A¦³»Ý¦p¦¹¥N¼Æªº¤@¯ë¤Æ¥²­n¡C¥L­Ì©Ò³B²zªº°ÝÃD¡A¶È¶È¬O¬Y¨Ç¹ê¥Îªº¦Ó¤w¡]°Ñ¨£°Ó°È®Ñ§½¤¤Ä¶¥»²Ä¥|¥U¡A­¶59¡^¡C­ì¤å¬O¡G But of course no such algebraic generalisations were ever thought necessary by the old Chinese calculators, who dealt only with specific practical problems.

®×¡G§õ¬ù·æ¨Ï¥Îªº¬O calculator¡A¦Ó¤£¬O mathematician¡]¼Æ¾Ç®a¡^¡A³o¨â­ÓºÙ¿×·N²[¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡C¤@­Ó¦Û»{¬°¬O mathematician ªº¤H¡A³Q¤H¥s°µ calculator ¬O·|·P¨ì²ö¤jªº®¢°dªº¡F¤Ï¤§§Ú­Ìµ´¤£·|ºÙ¤@­Ó¦³¸ê®æ°µ mathematician ªº¤H¬° calculator¡C

...µù13
¡u¤º¦b²z¸ô¡v(inner logic) ¬O§E­^®É¡m¾ú¥v»P«ä·Q¡n®Ñ¤¤¡q²M¥N«ä·Q¥vªº¤@­Ó·s¸ÑÄÀ¡r©Ò±j½Õªº·§©À¡A§E¥ý¥Íªº¬ã¨s¤©¤H¬Æ¦h±Ò¥Ü¡C
   


³Ì«á­×§ï®É¶¡: 2/17/2002¡@