¡Dì¸ü©ó¼Æ¾Ç¶Ç¼½²Ä¤T¨÷²Ä¥|´Á ¡D§@ªÌ·í®É¥ô±Ð©ó²M¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t | |||
¹ï¼Æ»P¬ù¿«¡D¯Ç¥Öº¸ (John Napier)
¿àº~ë |
¹ï¼Æ³oÓ¦Wµü¡A¹ï°ê¤¤¡B°ª¤¤ªº¦P¾Ç¨Ó»¡³£¤£·|¯¥Í¡A¦]¬°¥LÌn¾Ç±`¥Î¹ï¼Æ¡C¶i¨ì¤j¾Ç¤W·L¿n¤À®É¡A¥H e ¬°©³ªº«ü¼Æ»P¹ï¼Æ¨ç¼Æ§ó¨ã°ò¥»ªº«n©Ê¡C§Ú¤W½Ò¡A¨C¦¸»¡¨ì³oùØÁ`n²³æ´£¤@´£¦³Ãö¹ï¼Æªº¬G¨Æ¡A¥H¤Þ°_¾Ç¥Íªº¿³½ì¡C¤µ¦~§Ú¤W·L¿n¤À½Ò®É¡A¾Ç¥Í´£Ä³±N³o¨Ç¬G¨Æ¼g¥X¨Ó¦nÅý¸û¦hªº¾Ç¥Í¤À¨É¦¹¬G¨Æ¡C¼g»PÁ¿µy¦³¤£¦P¡A»\¼g¥X¨ÓÁ`±on¦³¨t²Î¤Î®Ú¾Ú¡BÁ¿«h¥i¥H¸û¤£ÄY®æ¡AµMÀ³¾Ç¥Íªº§Æ±æ¡A¤Dªá¨Ç¤u¤Ò°µÓ³ø¾É¡C
¤µ¤Ñ§Ú̩ҥΩÒÁ¿ªº¹ï¼Æ¬°±`¥Î¹ï¼Æ©Î¦ÛµM¹ï¼Æ¡A»P³Ì¦ Napier ªº¹ï¼Æµy¦³¥X¤J¡A°ß¨ä¨Ó·½ªººë¯«¤Î¨ä©Ê½è¥i»¡¨Ó¦Û Napier¡A¬é¬O§Î¦¡¤£¦P¦Ó¤w¡C²{¦b´N¨Ó¤¶²Ð Napier ¨ä¤H¤Î¨äµo©ú¤§¹ï¼Æªk«h¡C
§Ú̪¾¹D·í¤@Ó¤H·Qpºâ¤j¼Æ¤§¿n»P°Ó®É¡A³£±`§Q¥Î¹ï¼Æ¤èªk¡A¨D¨äªñ¦üÈ¡C¨ä°_·½¥i»··¹ Kepler¡]1571¡ã1630¡^¬ã¨s¤ÑÅé¹B°Ê¾Ç®É¥L¹J¨ì³\¦h«D±`¤jªº¼ÆÈpºâ¡A¦ý¥Ln¨Dªº¬O¦³®Äªºªñ¦üÈ¡A¦]¤§¤D´M¨D²³æªºpºâ¤èªk¡C·í®É¦bĬ®æÄõ«ê¦n¥X¤F¤@¥»®Ñ
"Mirifici logarithmorum Canonis descriptio, seu ... , auctore ac inventore Joanne Nepero barone Merchistonii" ³o¬O1614¦~ªº¨Æ¡A¶Ç»¡µÛªÌ Napier ¦b1550¦~¥X¥Í©óĬ®æÄõªº¤@¤p¥«Âí¡ANapier ì¥ý¬Oªø¦Ñ±Ð·|ªº×¹D¤h¡A¥L»{¬°¹ï¤HÃþ³Ì¤jªº©^Äm¬O¶Ç±Â¨ä±Ð¸q¤§ºë¯«¡C³oÓ«D¼Æ¾Ç®aªº Napier¡A¬°¤°»òµÛ¤â¬ã¨sµo©ú¹ï¼Æ©O¡H¸Ô±¡¤£±o¦Óª¾¡A©Î³\¥L±`Å¥¨ì¦³¤H¬°Ãe¤jªº¼ÆÈpºâ¦Ó·P¨ìW´o¡A¤×¨ä¬O°Ó¡B¿n¤§pºâ¡A¦]¦¹¤Þ°_¤F¥L±ÀºV¬O§_¦³Â²³æªºpºâ¤èªk¡C¤j·§¦]¤§¦Óµo²{¥Lªº¹ï¼Æªk«h§a¡I
Napier º¥ý©Ò±À¦Òªº¬O±N¤j¼Æªº¿n©Î°Óªºªñ¦üÈpºâ¡AÂàÅܦ¨©M©Î®tªººtºâ¡C©ó¬O¥Ñ¿n»P©Mªº¹ïÀ³¡Aª`·N¨ìµ¥¤ñ¯Å¼Æ»Pµ¥®t¯Å¼Æªº¹ïÀ³¡A¦ý«ç¼Ëªºµ¥¤ñ¯Å¼Æ¹ïÀ³«ç¼Ëªºµ¥®t¯Å¼Æ¤D¬OÓ°ÝÃD¡A³o´N¬O¦b Napier ªº³Ð·N¤¤ªºÃöÁä¡C
Napier ³Ì¥ý¦Ò¼{ªuª½½u¹B°Êªº¨âÂI P,Q¡CP ¬O¦b©wªø AZ ¤§©lÂI A ¨ì²×ÂI Z ªº¹B°Ê¡CÂI Q «hµL¨î¦a±qª½½u A'Z' ¤§©lÂI A' ÂI¦V Z' ¤è¦V°µ¹B°Ê¡AP,Q ¥H¦P³t¥Xµo¡CÂI Q ¥Hµ¥³t¹B°Ê¡AÂI P ¤§³t«×¥Ñ¦¹ÂI¨ì Z ªº¶ZÂ÷¨Ó¨M©w¡A°µ´î³t¹B°Ê¡C¦pÂI P ¦b B ÂI®É¡AQ ¦b B'¡A¦¹®É´NºÙ
A'B' ¬° AB ªº¹ï¼Æ¡C
³o´N¬O¡uNapier ¹ï¼Æ¡vªº°ò¥»©w¸q¡C¶È´N¦¹©w¸q¡A«h©|µLªk¥X²{¡uNapier ¹ï¼Æ¡vªº©Ê½è¡C¬°¥Ü©ú¨ä©Ê½è¡A¤D¨ú AZ ªø¬° r¡Ar ¥i¥H¬°«Ü¤jªºÈ¡C¦bÂI A ªº P ¤§³t«×¬° r¡CP,Q ±q A,A' ¥Xµo¡A¸g¹L®É¶¡ ®É¡AP,Q ¤À§O©è¹F B,B'¡C·í r «D±`¤j®É¡A µ¥©óÀþ¶¡ªºµu®É¶¡¡C¦¹®É P ¨ì B ªº¶ZÂ÷µ¥©ó
r x (1/r)=1¡AQ ¨ì B' ªº¶ZÂ÷¤]µ¥©ó 1¡C¤µ P ¦bÂI B ªº³t«×µ¥©ó BZ ªºªø¡A§Y
¬G¦b®É¶¡ ¤º¡AÂI P ¨ì¹F C¡AÂI Q ¨ì¹F C'¡A«h ©ó¬O ¤S¦A¸g ®É¶¡ Q ¨ì D' ÂI¡A«h C'D'=1¡A¦ÓÂI P ¦b C ÂIªº³t«×¬O ¡A¬G P ¦b ®É¶¡¤ºªº¶ZÂ÷¬° ¡A¦]¦¹ ´`¦¹¤U¥h¡A¥iª¾ÂI P ¦b A,B,C,D, ¦UÂIªº³t«×¤À§O¬°
¡]ª`·N(2)¤§¼Æ n »P(1)¤¤¥X²{¤§ ªº¦¸¼Æ n ¬Û¦P¡C¡^ (2)¦¡ªº¨C¤@ÓÈ¡A¨Ì©w¸q¬O(1)¦¡©Ò¹ïÀ³¤§¡uNapier ¹ï¼Æ¡v¡C
¬°ÁA¸Ñ¡uNapier ¹ï¼Æ¡vªº©Ê½è¡A¯÷¥Î²{¥Nªº¼Æ¾Ç§Î¦¡¨Ó»¡©ú¡C³]
ªí¥Ü¡A³o¨Ã¤£¬O Napier ©Ò¥Îªº°O¸¹¡C
¨Ì¦ÛµM¹ï¼Æªº©Ê½è¡A¥Ñ(3)¥i¾É¥X
©ó¬O ¦ý ¬G Y¥O r ¬°·¥¤jªºÈ¡A«h¤W¦¡¤§ªñ¦üȦ¨¬° ¬G±o
¨ä¦¸³]
«h ©ó¬O±o ¨Ì¡uNapier ¹ï¼Æ¡vªº©w¸q ¥Ñ(4)±o ©ó¬O±N ¥N¤J(*)±o
¬G ¨Ì(6)©Ò¥Ü¤§©Ê½è ¦b(5)©Ò¥Ü¡A ¬° 0¡A¬G µ²ªG±o
Napier ¦º«á¥Xª©¦³¡mDe arte logistica¡n¡]pºâ§Þ³Nªº¤èªk¡^¡CNapier ¹ï©ó¥N¼Æ©Î´X¦ó©Ò¼gªºÂø¿ý¡A¤£°Ý¨ä§¹¦¨»P§_¡A¾Ú»¡¦³¿ò½Z¶°¡AµM¦]¥¼¥Ø¸@¨ä¤¤¤º®e¡A¬G¥¼¯à¦h¨¥¡A¦ý¥Ñ¡ulogistica ·N«ü°µ¦npºâ¡v¨Ó¬Ý¡ANapier ªº¼Æ¾Ç©Ò¥Ü¤§¤@±¬O¥Hpºâ¬°¥Dªº¾Ç°Ý¡C
|
¹ï¥~·j´MÃöÁä¦r¡G ¡D¹ï¼Æ ¡DNapier ¡DKepler |
|
¡]Y¦³«ü¥¿¡BºÃ°Ý¡K¡K¡A¥i¥H¦b¦¹ ¯d¨¥ ©Î ¼g«H µ¹§ÚÌ¡C¡^ |
EpisteMath (c) 2000 ¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|¼Æ¾Ç©Ò¡B¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t ¦Uºô¶¤å³¹¤º®e¤§µÛ§@Åv¬°ìµÛ§@¤H©Ò¦³ |
½s¿è¡G±d©ú°a ¢A ®Õ¹ï¡G¾H´f¤å ¢A ø¹Ï¡G±iÖq´f | ³Ì«áקï¤é´Á¡G4/26/2002 |